Decision-Making Models and Coordination in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain Considering Patent Protection for DfR

With improvement in consumers’ environmental awareness and the level of design for remanufacturing (DfR), traditional supply chain is gradually changing into a closed-loop (CLSC). However, high will increase costs manufacturers, while also reducing cost remanufacturers. Moreover, manufacturers usually use patent barriers to restrict development The main aims this study were explore how remanufacturers can benefit each other, taking account protection carbon emissions. Firstly, we adopted game theory establish four decision-making models manufacturer remanufacturer regarding DfR. Secondly, designed cost-sharing contract DfR based on decentralized model coordinate CLSC. results showed that under patent-protected market environment, increased manufacturer’s profit but did not necessarily promote remanufacturer’s growth. A effectively achieve improvements presence DfR, profits both parties, improve economic benefits